Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: Международна организация по миграция
- CZ: Mezinárodní ogranizace pro migraci
- DE: Internationale Organisation für Migration
- EE: Rahvusvaheline Migratsiooniorganisatsioon
- EN: International Organization for Migration
- ES: Organización Internacional para las Migraciones
- FI: Kansainvälinen siirtolaisuusjärjestö
- FR: Organisation internationale pour les migrations
- GA: an Eagraíocht Idirnáisiúnta um Imirce
- GR: Διεθνούς Οργανισμού Μετανάστευσης
- HU: Nemzetközi Migrációs Szervezet
- IT: Organizzazione Internazionale per le Migrazioni
- LT: Tarptautinė migracijos organizacija
- LV: Starptautiskā Migrācijas organizācija
- MT: Organizzazzjoni (L-) Internazzjonali għall-Migrazzjoni
- NL: Internationale Organisatie voor Migratie
- NO: Den internasjonale migrasjonsorganisasjonen
- PL: Międzynarodowa Organizacja do Spraw Migracji
- PT: Organização Internacional para as Migrações
- RO: Organizaţia Internaţională pentru Migraţie
- SE: International Organization for Migration
- SK: Medzinárodná organizácia pre migráciu
- SL: Mednarodna organizacija za migracije
An intergovernmental organisation in the field of migration dedicated to ensuring the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, be they refugees, displaced persons or other uprooted people.
2. It is one of the main inter-governmental organisations in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners.
3. For further information, see the website of IOM.
- BG: вътрешно разселено лице
- CZ: vnitřně přesídlená osoby
- DE: Binnenvertriebener
- EE: riigisiseselt ümberasustatud isikud
- EN: internally displaced person
- ES: población desplazada internamente
- FI: maan sisällä siirtymään joutunut henkilö / maan sisäinen pakolainen
- FR: personne déplacée à l’intérieure de son propre pays
- GA: duine easáitithe de thír
- GR: εσωτερικώς εκτοπισμένο άτομο
- HU: belső menekült
- IT: sfollato interno
- LT: šalies viduje perkeltas asmuo
- LV: iekšzemē pārvietota persona
- MT: Persuna sfollata internament / f’pajjiżha stess
- NL: in eigen land ontheemd persoon
- NO: internt fordrevet person (b) / internt fordriven person (n)
- PL: osoba przesiedlona wewnętrznie
- PT: deslocado interno
- RO: persoană strămutată intern
- SE: internflykting
- SK: vnútorne vysídlená osoba
- SL: notranje razseljena oseba (NRO)
A person or groups of persons who has been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalised violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognised State border.
For more information, see the website of the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC).
- BG: мигрант по принуда
- CZ: nucený migrant
- DE: Zwangsmigrant
- EE: sundsisserändaja (dažniausiai vartojamo išversto termino nėra)
- EN: forced migrant
- ES: migrante forzoso
- FI: pakkomuuttaja
- FR: migrant forcé
- GA: imirceach éigeantais
- GR: εξαναγκαστική μετανάστευση
- HU: kényszerű migráns
- IT: migrante forzato
- LT: priverstinis migrantas
- LV: piespiedu migrants
- MT: Migrant(a) kostrett(a) / sfurzat(a)
- NL: gedwongen migrant
- NO: tvungen migrant
- PL: migrant przymusowy
- PT: migrante forçado
- RO: migrant forţat
- SE: tvångsmigrant
- SK: nútený migrant
- SL: prisilni migrant
A person subject to a migratory movement in which an element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g. movements of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects).
- BG: принудителна миграция
- CZ: nucená migrace
- DE: erzwungene Migration / Zwangsmigration
- EE: sundränne
- EN: forced migration
- ES: migración forzosa
- FI: pakkomuutto
- FR: migration forcée
- GA: imirce éigeantais
- GR: αναγκαστική μετανάστευση
- HU: kényszerű migráció
- IT: migrazione forzata
- LT: priverstinė migracija
- LV: piespiedu migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni kostretta / sfurzata
- NL: gedwongen migratie
- NO: tvangsmigrasjon
- PL: migracja przymusowa
- PT: migração forçada
- RO: migraţie forţată
- SE: tvångsmigration
- SK: nútená migrácia
- SL: prisilna migracija
A migratory movement in which an element of coercion exists, including threats to life and livelihood, whether arising from natural or man-made causes (e.g. movements of refugees and internally displaced persons as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects).
- BG: разселено лице
- CZ: vysídlená osoba
- DE: Vertriebener
- EE: ümberasustatud isik
- EN: displaced person
- ES: población desplazada
- FI: siirtymään joutunut henkilö
- FR: personne déplacée
- GA: duine easáitithe
- GR: εκτοπισμένο πρόσωπο
- HU: lakóhelyét elhagyni kényszerült személy
- IT: sfollato
- LT: perkeltasis asmuo
- LV: pārvietota persona
- MT: Persuna sfollata // maqlugħa minn darha // li kellha tħalli darha
- NL: ontheemde
- NO: fordrevet person (b) / fordriven person (n)
- PL: osoba przesiedlona
- PT: deslocado
- RO: persoană strămutată
- SE: fördriven person
- SK: vysídlená osoba / vysídlenec (EU acquis) / odídenec (national law)
- SL: razseljena oseba
(i) a person who has fled areas of armed conflict or endemic violence;
(ii) a person at serious risk of, or who has been the victim of, systematic or generalised violations of their human rights.
- BG: програма за презаселване
- CZ: přesídlovací program
- DE: Neuansiedlungsprogramm
- EE: ümberasustamisprogramm
- EN: resettlement programme
- ES: programa de reasentamiento
- FI: uudelleensijoittamisohjelma
- FR: programme de réinstallation
- GA: clár athlonnaithe
- GR: πρόγραμμα μετεγκατάστασης
- HU: áttelepítési (letelepítési) program
- IT: programma di reinsediamento
- LT: perkėlimo programa
- LV: pārvietošanas programma
- MT: Programm ta’ risistemazzjoni
- NL: hervestigingsprogramma
- NO: gjenbosettingsprogram (b) / gjenbusetjingsprogram (n)
- PL: Program Przesiedleń
- PT: programa de reinstalação
- RO: program de relocare
- SE: program för vidarebosättning
- SK: presídľovací program / program presídľovania
- SL: program ponovne naselitve
In the EU context, voluntary programmes by which EU Member States aim to provide international protection and durable solutions in their territories to refugees and displaced persons identified as eligible for resettlement by UNHCR, and which include actions that the Member States implement to assess the resettlement needs and transfer the persons concerned to their territories, with a view to granting them a secure legal status and to promoting their effective integration.
EU context: Derived by EMN from Recital 18 of Decision 573/2007/EC establishing the European Refugee Fund
- BG: временна закрила
- CZ: dočasná ochrana
- DE: vorübergehender Schutz
- EE: ajutine kaitse
- EN: temporary protection
- ES: protección temporal
- FI: tilapäinen suojelu
- FR: protection temporaire
- GA: cosaint shealadach
- GR: προσωρινή προστασία
- HU: ideiglenes védelem
- IT: protezione temporanea
- LT: laikinoji apsauga
- LV: pagaidu aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni temporanja
- NL: tijdelijke bescherming
- NO: midlertidig beskyttelse (b) / mellombels vern (n)
- PL: tymczasowa ochrona
- PT: protecção temporária
- RO: protecţie temporară
- SE: tillfälligt skydd
- SK: dočasná ochrana (EU acquis) / dočasné útočisko (national law)
- SL: začasna zaščita
A procedure of exceptional character to provide, in the event of a mass influx or imminent mass influx of displaced persons from third countries who are unable to return to their country of origin, immediate and temporary protection to such persons, in particular if there is also a risk that the asylum system will be unable to process this influx without adverse effects for its efficient operation, in the interests of the persons and other persons requesting protection.
In LV, temporary protection is granted for a specified period of time if the applicant needs protection because they have been forced to leave their country of citizenship or, if the persons are stateless persons, their country of former residence due to ethnic conflict or civil war.
- BG: разселено лице по екологични причини
- CZ: enviromentální uprchlík
- DE: Umweltvertriebener
- EE: keskkonnapõhjustel ümberasustatud isik
- EN: environmentally displaced person
- ES: población desplazada por motivos medioambientales
- FI: ympäristötekijöiden vuoksi siirtymään joutunut
- FR: personne déplacée pour des raisons environnementales
- GA: duine easáitithe de dheasca dálaí comhshaoil
- GR: εσωτερικώς εκτοπισμένο άτομο (για περιβαλλοντικούς λόγους)
- HU: lakóhelyét környezeti okból elhagyni kényszerült személy
- IT: sfollato per motivi ambientali
- LT: dėl ekologinių priežasčių perkeltas asmuo
- LV: vides faktoru ietekmē pārvietota persona
- MT: Persuna sfollata għal raġunijiet ambjentali
- NL: door milieufactoren verdreven ontheemde (not commonly used in NL)
- NO: person fordrevet på grunn av miljøskader (b) / person fordriven på grunn av miljøskadar (n)
- PL: osoba przesiedlona z powodu środowiska naturalnego
- PT: deslocado ambiental
- RO: persoană strămutată din cauze legate de mediul înconjurător
- SE: fördriven person (på grund av miljökatastrof)
- SK: osoba vysídlená z environmentálnych dôvodov
- SL: okoljsko razseljena oseba
A person subject to forced migration as a result of sudden, drastic environmental changes.
Environmentally displaced persons are sometimes referred to as environmental refugees, but this is a misuse of the term 'refugee' as they are not refugees in the strict sense of Art. 1A of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, although their migration is forced.
- BG: Обща европейска система за убежище
- CZ: Společný evropský azylový systém
- DE: Gemeinsames Europäisches Asylsystem
- EE: ühtne Euroopa varjupaigasüsteem
- EN: Common European Asylum System
- ES: Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo
- FI: Euroopan yhteinen turvapaikkajärjestelmä
- FR: régime d’asile européen commun
- GA: Comhchóras Tearmainn Eorpach
- GR: Κοινό Ευρωπαϊκό Σύστημα Ασύλου
- HU: Közös Európai Menekültügyi Rendszer
- IT: Sistema europeo comune di asilo
- LT: bendra Europos prieglobsčio sistema
- LV: Kopējā Eiropas patvēruma sistēma
- MT: Sistema Ewropea Komuni għall-Ażil
- NL: Gemeenschappelijk Europees Asielstelsel
- NO: Det felles europeiske asylsystemet
- PL: Wspólny Europejski System Azylowy
- PT: Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo
- RO: Sistemul European Comun de Azil
- SE: gemensamt europeiskt asylsystem
- SK: Spoločný európsky azylový systém
- SL: Skupni evropski azilni sistem
A framework of agreed rules which establish common procedures for international protection and a uniform status for those who are granted refugee status or subsidiary protection based on the full and inclusive application of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol and which aims to ensure fair and humane treatment of applicants for international protection, to harmonise asylum systems in the EU and reduce the differences between Member States on the basis of binding legislation, as well as to strengthen practical cooperation between national asylum administrations and the external dimension of asylum.
(a) a uniform status of asylum for nationals of third countries, valid throughout the European Union;
(b) a uniform status of subsidiary protection for nationals of third countries who, without obtaining European asylum, are in need of international protection;
(c) a common system of temporary protection for displaced persons in the event of a massive inflow;
(d) common procedures for the granting and withdrawing of uniform asylum or subsidiary protection status;
(e) criteria and mechanisms for determining which Member State is responsible for considering an application for asylum or subsidiary protection;
(f) standards concerning the conditions for the reception of applicants for asylum or subsidiary protection;
(g) partnership and cooperation with third countries for the purpose of managing inflows of people applying for asylum or subsidiary or temporary protection.
- BG: масово навлизане
- CZ: hromadný příliv
- DE: Massenzustrom
- EE: massiline sisseränne
- EN: mass influx
- ES: afluencia masiva
- FI: joukoittainen maahantulo
- FR: afflux massif
- GA: mórphlódú isteach
- GR: μαζική εισορρή
- HU: tömeges beáramlás
- IT: afflusso massiccio
- LT: antplūdis
- LV: masveida pieplūdums
- MT: Influss tal-massa / ta’ massa
- NL: massale toestroom (syn.: massale instroom)
- NO: massetilstrømning (b) / massetilstrøyming (n)
- PL: masowy napływ
- PT: afluxo maciço
- RO: aflux masiv
- SE: massiv tillströmning
- SK: hromadný prílev
- SL: množični priliv / množični prihod
Arrival in the Community of a large number of displaced persons, who come from a specific country or geographical area, whether their arrival in the Community was spontaneous or aided, for example through an evacuation programme.
- BG: миграция
- CZ: migrace
- DE: Migration
- EE: ränne
- EN: migration
- ES: migración
- FI: muuttoliike / siirtolaisuus
- FR: migration
- GA: imirce
- GR: μετανάστευση
- HU: migráció
- IT: migrazione
- LT: migracija
- LV: migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni
- NL: migratie
- NO: migrasjon
- PL: migracja
- PT: migração
- RO: migraţie
- SE: migration
- SK: migrácia
- SL: migracija
In the EU context, the action by which a person either:
(i) establishes their usual residence in the territory of an EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months, having previously been usually resident in another EU Member State or a third country; or
(ii) having previously been usually resident in the territory of an EU Member State, ceases to have their usual residence in that EU Member State for a period that is, or is expected to be, of at least 12 months.
2. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) defines migration as follows: 'movement of a person or a group of persons, either across an international border (international migration), or within a state (internal migration), encompassing any kind of movement of people, whatever its length, composition and causes'. This broad definition covers all forms of migration (voluntrary/forced migration, internal/international migration, long-term/short-term migration), different motives for migration (migration because of political persecution, conflicts, economic problems, environmental degradation or a combination of these reasons or migration in search of better economic conditions or conditions of survival or well-being, or other motives such as familiy reunfication) and irrespective of the means used to migrate (legal/irregular migration). Thus it includes migration of refugees, displaced persons, economic migrants and persons moving for other purposes, including family reunification.
3. Under the UN, the definition 'movements for shorter periods' would not be considered migration.